Bi-Annual Flight Review (BFR)

AFRWell the time came again – all too soon – for my PPL medical and bi-annual flight reviews. I can’t believe it’s two years already since the last one… they tell me the speed of time passing is something to do with age, even though I don’t feel a day over 40!

First, the medical. At my age, I have to do a PPL medical every 2 years. My previous doctor, who did about 3 or 4 medicals for me over the years, has decided the demands of CASA are too great and so I had to find a new ‘DAME‘ (designated aviation medical examiner) to go to. Although I left 2-3 weeks before my old medical expired, it was still a bit of a push to get an appointment before the expiry. LESSON 1: leave plenty of time to book your medical!

On the due day, I arrived at 08:30 in the freezing cold and pouring rain of a typical Melbourne winter morning – note: the sun was shining by midday and the temperature was up by about 10 degrees.  I did all the usual tests – eyes/eyesight, ears/earsight (or should that be ‘hearing’?), reflexes, colour vision, peripheral vision, height, weight, blood pressure, and more. In preparation, you now have to fill in an online medical questionnaire on the CASA website and the doctor checks this all through with you. Interestingly, I didn’t have to undergo the dreaded ‘rubber gloved finger’ test this time. I understand that this check is not as reliable as once it was believed to be.

Everything was completed OK and then the doctor told me I had to get an ECG done, as I hadn’t had one in a while. Conveniently, there was a cardiology place almost next door. Indeed I haven’t had an ECG since I can remember and it’s amazing how much the process has changed over the years. The cardiologist wires you up and switches on the machine, which then automatically goes through the individual traces and beams it all via the internet to the central cardiology analyst. It must all have been OK because the medical was issued.

Total cost for the medical: $110 plus $75 CASA processing fee – less than the $210 annual cost of renewing my RA-Aus membership. The ECG was bulk-billed. LESSON 2: the annualised cost renewing your PPL is less than half as much as the annual cost of belonging to RA-Aus.

Next my bi-annual flight review – which I have always called a BFR – but I’m told is officially now called an Aeroplane Flight Review or AFR. Here, at least, some sense has prevailed at CASA and RA-Aus because you can do your AFR in a general aviation VH-registered aircraft and, as well as revalidating your PPL, the same flight also revalidates your RA-Aus Pilot Certificate. LESSON 3: make sure your instructor is both PPL and RA-Aus rated if you want to do just one AFR covering both categories. (If you don’t want to search the CASA website for information on AFRs – a should destroying process – click here for the relevant information; then click the link to download the ‘ratings’ pdf)

I was originally aiming to do my AFR in my A32 Vixxen demonstrator, but a few weeks ago, a flying school made me an offer I couldn’t refuse, so I was in the tandem-seat tail dragger Interstate Cadet.

I pre-flighted the aircraft and double-checked the weight and balance (the instructor sits in the back) to make sure we were well within limits. Typical of Tyabb, the wind that day was exactly 90 degrees across the main runway, so first test: which is the preferred runway direction in these circumstances? LESSON 4: check ERSA and/or the rule book for your airfield before your AFR.

We taxied out behind a couple of spam cans (sorry, Cessnas) and waited our turn at the holding point. After take-off (watch for that cross-wind!) we turned and climbed out towards French Island, a largish area of land in the middle of Westernport Bay, notorious for its own climate. But above a couple of thousand feet everything was smooth, so we did a few ever-increasingly steep turns and an engine-out forced landing (without actually touching down!). We then trundled over towards Port Phillip Bay – a bit bumpier here, even at almost 3,000 feet and then back towards the naval college at Cerberus. All the time, the instructor was asking me questions, sometimes about the aircraft, sometimes about its flying characteristics, sometimes about the controlled and restricted air space around the area, all gently checking my airmanship and knowledge. LESSON 5: relax, the instructor wants everything to be OK too!

Eventually after almost an hour, the command came to return to Tyabb. We could hear traffic on the radio, so joined down-wind, this time for runway 17. Because of the recent rain, the grass at Tyabb was unserviceable that day so we were landing on the bitumen – not my first choice in a tail dragger with a stiffish cross-wind breeze from the east, which makes for a nice little bit of turbulence as it comes over the hangars on that side of the airfield. Should I 3-point or wheel it on? Decisions decisions… With someone in the back seat, the Interstate likes to 3-point, so in spite of the cross-wind that’s what I opted for. In the event, the wind gods were with me and the landing was OK – not my best greaser but certainly quite acceptable. So we taxied in and shut down.

The AFR is really quite straightforward, particularly if you fly regularly as I do. I guess if you haven’t flown for a year, you’ll need to do a fair bit of swotting to make sure you have the answers and a few circuits to re-awaken your flying skills before the AFR!  There’s no pass or fail with an AFR – just useful reminders, even lessons, to keep you flying safe. Thanks to Nick Caudwell at Peninsula Aero Club for his advice and signing my logbook! Thoroughly recommended – 5 stars.

Flying your Foxbat with the door(s) off

A22 doors offHere’s another question I get a lot: “Is it OK to fly my Foxbat with the doors removed?”.

The answer is yes, it’s OK to fly the aircraft with one or both doors removed. The Vne is reduced to 86 knots while flying with the doors off. The stall speed is not much affected, but try to avoid flying too close to the stall, particularly with only one door removed, as this can lead to out-of-balance flight and a potential wing drop at the stall.

Please note: DO NOT OPEN THE DOORS IN FLIGHT! The curvature of the door acts like an aerofoil and if you unlatch the door in flight, it will likely open very suddenly and strongly, certainly banging hard up against the wing underside. There’s a good chance that the door will come off and may take the tailplane/stabiliser with it – leading to consequences you may not wish to contemplate!

Door removal on the A22LS Foxbat is easy:
– unclip the bottom end of the gas support strut from the ball pin on the door frame; mind you don’t lose the spring clip, which can jump off and disappear!
– unclip the two safety pins which act as door hinges and carefully slide them out, one at a time, supporting the door while you do so.

Replacement is the reverse procedure. The job can be done single-handed but a second person helping to steady the door while you take out the hinge-pins makes sure you don’t drop and damage the door.

At the moment, there is no formal information in the Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) but Aeroprakt will shortly issue information for inclusion in the POH.

Australia’s 4th A32 arrives!

A32 #011 being prepared after shipping

A32 #011 being prepared after shipping

Response to the Aeroprakt A32 ‘Vixxen’ has been nothing short of phenomenal, since the first demonstrator arrived in July 2015. No less than 12 have been ordered through Foxbat Australia, including one to an Australian subsidiary company operating in South Africa. The surprising thing is that sales of the A22LS ‘Foxbat’ have remained unaffected.

The most recent A32 arrival – serial number 011 – is in ‘Pumpkin Orange’, a colour which is becoming more popular as an alternative to the more common yellow, white, red and blue. The lucky owner lives out Broken Hill way and after familiarisation training – courtesy of Rob Hatswell at Gawler (north of Adelaide) – he will be flying the A32 largely on farm duties.

The aircraft is due for some sprauncy decals in the next couple of days and will hopefully be signed off sometime next week for test flying. Although weather around Melbourne has been a bit tempestuous lately!

After the very first A32 arrived here in Mazda Spirited Green Metallic (have a look at the pre-delivery flight test video here: A32 check) it seems that A32  owners like their colours – the next two A32 deliveries, due later in May, are yellow and white, with a bright green one (but not metallic) due early in June.

 

Is your seat height right?

Seat heightHere’s a gadget for the pilot who has everything – almost. It’s a Seat Height Sight Level, designed to enable you to adjust your eyeline to the correct level before flying.

However, most LSA seats are generally not directly adjustable for height, so you’ll probably have to invest in a set of different thickness cushions, which can be used in combination to lift or lower your backside until your eyes have it right.

The gadget is placed on the top of the instrument panel before you start up; it has a a spirit level (to make sure it’s level) and a couple of brightly coloured ‘spheres’ so you can even see it clearly in dull weather. When the two ‘spheres’ line up – bingo! you’re at the right height. Don’t forget to put the sight level away before you start up and take-off or it might give you a nasty bump on the head (or elsewhere) if it falls off the dash when you start to taxi…

Available from Sporty’s pilot supplies for US$90 plus postage. Let me know if it works….

LSA – register CASA or RA-Aus?

GA or RA-Aus 01 GA or RA-Aus 02One of the commonest questions I’m asked by new Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) buyers is: “Should I register the aircraft general aviation VH- with CASA or recreational with Recreational Aviation Australia (RA-Aus)?”. This question is, if anything, being asked even more frequently now CASA is offering the Recreational Pilot’s Licence (RPL), which allows RA-Aus Pilot Certificate owners to gain a license upgrade allowing them to fly certain larger VH- registered aircraft, even into certain categories of controlled airspace.

The answer(s) are not simple and depend on many variables – but get one thing straight up front: overall costs, based on a 3-year ownership of a new LSA, are pretty much the same whichever route you choose. Yes, you need a licensed engineer to sign your maintenance release on a VH- registered aircraft, and a CASA medical every so often, but these costs are completely offset by the annual aircraft re-registration and Pilot Certificate renewal charges made by RA-Aus.

“Ah yes”, I hear you muttering, “but under RA-Aus I can do all my own maintenance. Under CASA you have to pay an engineer.”

Putting aside the arguments for and against actually doing your own maintenance, CASA/VH- aircraft pilots can in fact carry out a lot of basic maintenance on their aircraft under something called ‘Schedule 8‘. For those of you unfamiliar with CAAP 42ZC-1 of CAR 1988 regulations, a summary follows.

But before you take maintenance matters into your own hands, read the relevant sections of CAR 1988 thoroughly to make sure (a) your aircraft is included in the definitions and (b) you are actually capable of doing the work. When it comes to aircraft maintenance – competency is king, whether you’re GA or RA-Aus.

Under Schedule 8, the main maintenance activities a pilot can carry out are:
– changing the engine oil and filter
– changing the air filter
– changing, replacing and/or gapping the spark plugs
– replacing the aircraft battery(s)
– topping up the hydraulic brake fluid
– changing and repairing the tyres & tubes, providing this does not require jacking the aircraft completely off the ground
– changing or replacing the seats, provided no disassembly of primary airframe parts or controls is required
– replacing seat belts/harnesses
– with some conditions, removing and replacing a door (eg for photo sessions)
– removing and replacing non-structural inspection plates and covers
– repairing/replacing safety-wire or pins, so long as they are not on primary controls
– even installing & removing a glider tow hook!

There are other activities which are also permitted. However, the main no-no is that the pilot cannot disconnect or reconnect any parts of the primary controls of the aircraft – although they can carry out the so-called ‘dual inspection’ of the controls after maintenance by a qualified engineer.

In short, a GA PPL can do most of the day-to-day maintenance on their aircraft, the same as an RA-Aus Pilot Certificate holder. If there is more extensive work to be done – eg repairs after an accident, or diagnosing and fixing an engine problem, personally I’d rather hand that over to someone who is properly qualified – be it GA or RA-Aus!

So, if not for cost or maintenance reasons, what other arguments are there for and against GA/RA-Aus? Sorry, but here I have to answer a question with a question, but it’s an important one: ‘What sort of flying do you really want to be doing?’

1. If you want/need to fly regularly into controlled airspace, at the present time you have no choice – it has to be a PPL/RPL license in a VH-registered aircraft. The same if you want to fly at night, which is currently not allowed under RA-Aus regulations. But there’s one small wrinkle – if you have both a current PPL/RPL and RA-Aus Pilot Certificate, you can fly an RA-Aus registered aircraft into controlled airspace…but not at night.

2. If you already have either an RPL, PPL or higher, then I’d register VH- with CASA. That way you don’t have to do the mandatory 5-hour RA-Aus conversion, and you’ll already be familiar with CASA rules & regs.

3. If you have an RA-Aus Pilot Certificate or no license at all, I‘d register the aircraft with RA-Aus because (a) you already know the rules and regs under RA-Aus and/or (b) the flight training is shorter (read: ‘less expensive’) than PPL training. You can always upgrade to an RPL or PPL later if you want to fly a bigger aircraft or into controlled airspace, which are currently outside the limits of RA-Aus.

4. If you have both an RPL/PPL or higher and an RA-Aus Pilot Certificate, and you don’t need to fly into controlled airspace, it really doesn’t matter how you register your LSA. Either way it will cost much the same and you can do most of the maintenance yourself.

This is intended to be a general summary of the issues around GA versus RA-Aus registration. As with everything in life, there are nuances and circumstances which may sway your own decision one way or the other. But remember – you can always switch an LSA registration from GA to RA-Aus (and vice-versa) later if you want; but make sure you keep meticulous maintenance records in the aircraft log books, and that it will cost you for a new CofA when you change registers.

Aircraft tie-downs

Aircraft tie-downsAll pilots/owners need, from time to time, to park their aircraft in the open air. Whether it’s just for an overnight stop or for a longer period, it’s important to ensure you do it properly, or you could be up for a big repair bill and potential extra travel costs, including retrieving your plane later.

Thanks to Australian Flying Magazine, there’s a good article on the subject in the current issue (May/June 2016) under their ‘Masterclass’ heading. Content like this is usually not immediately available online, so unless you are already a subscriber, you’ll have to go and buy a copy from your local newsagent – apart from the tie-down article, there’s a great piece on the Victa Airtourer, surely one of Australia’s classics.

Meanwhile, here’s a brief summary, under the general headings: ‘Park in the right place’, ‘Face the right way’, ‘Brakes or chocks?’, ‘Properly secured’, and ‘Controls locked’ as well as a few general points.

I’ll touch on points relating more to Foxbats and Vixxens – which are high-wing nose wheel aircraft. Different advice may apply to low-wing aircraft and/or tail draggers.

Where to park?
Ideally park as far upwind of other aircraft as you reasonably can; this reduces the chance of another badly secured aircraft blowing over on top of you. Park in the lee of a hangar or thick bushes if possible but avoid large trees, as branches could be blown down on to your plane.

Face the right way
This is perhaps the toughest choice. With the Foxbat/Vixxen always go for pointing into the wind – check the forecast for the parking period and go for the direction with the longest period of the strongest wind. Don’t be caught out by overnight wind shifts and aim for into-wind for the strongest winds.

Brakes or chocks?
Chocks every time! Park brakes can lose their pressure and hot brakes left parked on can blow the brake seals. if your aircraft has to be (legitimately) moved while you’re not there – to avoid a fire for example – it’s easy to pull out the chocks and wheel it away. Make sure the chocks are securely placed and connected so they can’t be bounced out of the way by the wheels rocking in the wind.

Properly secured
First, a big NO to cotton or hemp ropes as they will shrink/tighten when wet and can really bend your plane! Use good quality synthetic tie-down ropes. Another big NO is to chains or ratchet straps, which have no give in them and can severely stress the airframe in gusty conditions. Wing tie-down ropes should be angled outwards by about 30-40 degrees (see the diagram above) and forwards by about 10-20 degrees. Tighten the ropes just enough to stop them ‘snapping’ tight in gusts but don’t over-tighten. Finally, on the Foxbat/Vixxen, tie down the nose by looping the rope over the propeller shaft or lower engine mount tubes (by the firewall) and tying vertically down. If there is any likelihood of a tailwind developing while you are away, also tie down the tail by passing the rope through the tail wheel (Foxbat) or round the skid (Vixxen) – most high-wing aircraft are blown over from the tail.

Controls locked
Twin yoke controlled Foxbats/Vixxens have a locking pin through the right (passenger) side yoke, always insert this to lock fully into the controls whenever you aren’t in the aircraft. Y-stick controls can be locked using the seat belts or the specially designed optional control locking strap. As per a recent service bulletin, do NOT use the centre Y-stick control locking pin for outside parking as it places undue strain on the elevator rod end eyelet, which in extreme circumstances can fracture, leaving the aircraft with no positive elevator control.

Other tie-down comments
The best knot for tie-downs is a bowline. If you don’t know how to tie one – learn! Use a pitot cover to prevent insects nesting and/or water entering the tubes. Use windscreen covers with caution – particularly in windy, dusty conditions, as the grit can get under the cover and rapidly grind your screen to a frosted finish! Felt lined covers are worst – they collect the grit; shiny silver insides are best as the grit has nothing to cling to.

There are quite a few other points in the Australian Flying article,  covering taildraggers and longer term parking, as well as some more subtle points worth remembering.

Foxbat Australia is now on Facebook!

Foxbat FacebookIt’s taken a while but we’ve finally set up a Foxbat Australia page on Facebook.

Some of the content on this blog will also appear on Facebook from time to time. Members of Facebook will also be able to post on the Foxbat Australia page – photos, comments, messages etc. The main aim is to make Foxbat Australia more current and enable owners (and those yet to own) an opportunity to connect with an ever-growing band of happy Foxbat flyers all over the world.

If you’re not already on Facebook, you’ll have to open an account of your own to be able to see all the Foxbat content. Otherwise, it’s very straightforward – please ‘like’ Foxbat Australia’s page and you’ll be notified every time there’s a new post.

Happy reading!

Antique Aeroplanes at Echuca

AAAA Echuca 2016This weekend sees the annual Antique Aeroplane Association of Australia (AAAA) national fly-in at Echuca in northern Victoria. Has yet another year passed so quickly?

My partner and I will be flying from Tyabb on Friday in the Interstate Cadet. The main day for the show is Saturday 16 April with many pilots/owners (including me) starting their journey home on Sunday morning.  There’s a dinner at the Moama Bowling Club on Saturday evening – last year the food and entertaining speeches (thankfully brief!) were most enjoyable.

I’m sure there will be plenty of wonderful old planes to see and Echuca is only just over a couple of hours’ drive from Melbourne, so it would make a great family day out – there is no entrance fee, you can just come along and soak up the atmosphere.

Hope to see you there – come and say hello!

Are you ready for an engine failure?

Engine failureThe subject of this item is engine failures, but first up – sorry for the long delay since the last post. I have been moving home and this, together with internet connection issues conspired to keep me offline for a while.

Engine failures are thankfully very rare. Which makes it all the more important to plan and prepare for what you’ll do if you experience one. It’s not just a matter of keeping an eye open for a suitable paddock or field!

AOPA has released an excellent video covering the topic – ‘From Trouble to Touchdown‘ – which you can watch by clicking on the picture above. This is an excellent 10-minute summary of what is a complex subject, handling everything from pre-flight inspections to minimise the chance of a failure, through engine failures on take-off, to tips for making it safely on to the ground.

Here’s what I personally noted after watching the video:
– above all else, fly the plane!
– know your glide times and distances from different heights
– try restarts by checking fuel, air and ignition
– make sure the throttle is closed before landing to stop sudden unexpected power surges
– don’t try to ‘stretch’ the glide or you’ll probably stall
– try to put something soft between you and the instrument panel before landing
– don’t change fuel tanks after the engine run up, and
– last but not least, prepare for the ‘impossible turn’ back to the runway: know your minimum heights at different take-off weights and density altitudes

As a guide, when considering a turn back in the A22LS Foxbat or A32 Vixxen, never try it below 500 feet above ground level – more if the temperature and density altitude are high. If you’re light and cool, you might just make it below that altitude but it’s a much better bet to land ahead 30 degrees either side of the centre line if you’re below 500 feet when the engine stops.

To conclude; I have only experienced one engine failure in my flying life and that was many years ago in my very first (kit-built) long-wing Foxbat at a regional Queensland airfield. The engine stopped after take-off at about 400 feet above the ground. I had a passenger with me, who was videoing his flight. I remember the engine winding down and the prop stopping with one vertical blade clearly visible in front of me; the engine had seized. There wasn’t much to go for ahead of me, mainly trees and the outskirts of the local town, so I opted for a turn back. The original long-winged A22 has a prodigious glide capability, so as I began the turn I called an emergency on the airfield frequency. I kept the turn at about 30-40 degrees and 55 knots and the aircraft landed beautifully and rolled to a stop at almost exactly the same spot from which I’d just started my take-off. An oil line had separated from the cooler and the engine had neatly pumped all the oil into the reservoir, which was strange, because I’d flown about 90 minutes from my home base to get there earlier in the day. The engine had to be completely re-built and as far as I know, is still flying to this day.

So, be prepared! An engine failure probably won’t happen but have your plans clear in case it does.

New control lock for Y-stick Foxbat

A22 control lock 01

A22 stick control lock – click photo for larger view

Foxbat Australia has been working with a professional aviation control-lock company to develop a new system for locking the single handle and Y-stick control version of the aircraft. The result is a secure method of locking the flaperon/elevator control stick, suitable for use when the aircraft is parked outside – overnight or longer. This system is not suitable for twin control yoke A22 aircraft.

You may recall that as well as instructions in the A22 Pilot Operating handbook (POH) a recent factory mandatory service bulletin advises that when a stick-control aircraft is parked outside, the metal lock-pin must be supplemented with control surface clamps to ensure there is no damage to the elevator rod-end connection due to wind gusts. However, while it is relatively easy to clamp the flaperons at the wing tips, clamping the elevator has proved more difficult.

Without access to suitable surface clamps, a number of owners have preferred to remove the lock-pin and instead use the seat belts to lock the controls when the aircraft is parked outside. Nevertheless, the inconvenience of continually adjusting the seat belts, after they have been used to lock the controls, may cause some pilots/owners not to lock the controls properly. Also, some owners do not like the elevator ‘up’ position which results from locking the controls with the seat belts.

Worse yet, some owners still rely on the lock-pin even in adverse conditions – risking potentially disastrous damage to the elevator rod-end connection.

A22 control lock 03

A22 stick control lock kit – click photo for larger view

The new control/gust lock system is an excellent solution to ensuring that your A22 can be parked safely outside in all normal wind conditions, without the need to use either the metal lock-pin, seat belts or surface clamps. It holds the flaperons in a neutral position with the elevator ‘down’.

The new lock consists of a red adjustable looped strap, which fits and tightens over the stick. This loop is attached to two forward extending straps which are positively anchored via ‘pin-and-eye’ fixtures (not press-studs) on each side of the centre tunnel. The eyes on the strap ends are quickly pushed into their locked position and are released by pulling down on the strap end. The loop round the stick is adjustable and is also easily tightened and released. Each part of the strap system is labelled ‘Remove before flight’ and can be easily attached and removed from left or right seats.

Installation is very simple, requiring only the drilling of an additional hole each side to accommodate the anchoring pin bolts – which also utilise an existing hole.

Now, here’s the good news: during the introductory period until the end of April 2016, the price will be A$55 including 10% GST. After the introductory period, the price will be A$75 including GST. This price includes everything you need to fit the system and full installation instructions. Postage will be charged at cost.

If you want one of these control locks, please email info@foxbat.com.au with your name and address to confirm your order. You can pay directly with PayPal or with your credit card via Paypal – we’ll send you instructions.