Bi-Annual Flight Review (BFR)

AFRWell the time came again – all too soon – for my PPL medical and bi-annual flight reviews. I can’t believe it’s two years already since the last one… they tell me the speed of time passing is something to do with age, even though I don’t feel a day over 40!

First, the medical. At my age, I have to do a PPL medical every 2 years. My previous doctor, who did about 3 or 4 medicals for me over the years, has decided the demands of CASA are too great and so I had to find a new ‘DAME‘ (designated aviation medical examiner) to go to. Although I left 2-3 weeks before my old medical expired, it was still a bit of a push to get an appointment before the expiry. LESSON 1: leave plenty of time to book your medical!

On the due day, I arrived at 08:30 in the freezing cold and pouring rain of a typical Melbourne winter morning – note: the sun was shining by midday and the temperature was up by about 10 degrees.  I did all the usual tests – eyes/eyesight, ears/earsight (or should that be ‘hearing’?), reflexes, colour vision, peripheral vision, height, weight, blood pressure, and more. In preparation, you now have to fill in an online medical questionnaire on the CASA website and the doctor checks this all through with you. Interestingly, I didn’t have to undergo the dreaded ‘rubber gloved finger’ test this time. I understand that this check is not as reliable as once it was believed to be.

Everything was completed OK and then the doctor told me I had to get an ECG done, as I hadn’t had one in a while. Conveniently, there was a cardiology place almost next door. Indeed I haven’t had an ECG since I can remember and it’s amazing how much the process has changed over the years. The cardiologist wires you up and switches on the machine, which then automatically goes through the individual traces and beams it all via the internet to the central cardiology analyst. It must all have been OK because the medical was issued.

Total cost for the medical: $110 plus $75 CASA processing fee – less than the $210 annual cost of renewing my RA-Aus membership. The ECG was bulk-billed. LESSON 2: the annualised cost renewing your PPL is less than half as much as the annual cost of belonging to RA-Aus.

Next my bi-annual flight review – which I have always called a BFR – but I’m told is officially now called an Aeroplane Flight Review or AFR. Here, at least, some sense has prevailed at CASA and RA-Aus because you can do your AFR in a general aviation VH-registered aircraft and, as well as revalidating your PPL, the same flight also revalidates your RA-Aus Pilot Certificate. LESSON 3: make sure your instructor is both PPL and RA-Aus rated if you want to do just one AFR covering both categories. (If you don’t want to search the CASA website for information on AFRs – a should destroying process – click here for the relevant information; then click the link to download the ‘ratings’ pdf)

I was originally aiming to do my AFR in my A32 Vixxen demonstrator, but a few weeks ago, a flying school made me an offer I couldn’t refuse, so I was in the tandem-seat tail dragger Interstate Cadet.

I pre-flighted the aircraft and double-checked the weight and balance (the instructor sits in the back) to make sure we were well within limits. Typical of Tyabb, the wind that day was exactly 90 degrees across the main runway, so first test: which is the preferred runway direction in these circumstances? LESSON 4: check ERSA and/or the rule book for your airfield before your AFR.

We taxied out behind a couple of spam cans (sorry, Cessnas) and waited our turn at the holding point. After take-off (watch for that cross-wind!) we turned and climbed out towards French Island, a largish area of land in the middle of Westernport Bay, notorious for its own climate. But above a couple of thousand feet everything was smooth, so we did a few ever-increasingly steep turns and an engine-out forced landing (without actually touching down!). We then trundled over towards Port Phillip Bay – a bit bumpier here, even at almost 3,000 feet and then back towards the naval college at Cerberus. All the time, the instructor was asking me questions, sometimes about the aircraft, sometimes about its flying characteristics, sometimes about the controlled and restricted air space around the area, all gently checking my airmanship and knowledge. LESSON 5: relax, the instructor wants everything to be OK too!

Eventually after almost an hour, the command came to return to Tyabb. We could hear traffic on the radio, so joined down-wind, this time for runway 17. Because of the recent rain, the grass at Tyabb was unserviceable that day so we were landing on the bitumen – not my first choice in a tail dragger with a stiffish cross-wind breeze from the east, which makes for a nice little bit of turbulence as it comes over the hangars on that side of the airfield. Should I 3-point or wheel it on? Decisions decisions… With someone in the back seat, the Interstate likes to 3-point, so in spite of the cross-wind that’s what I opted for. In the event, the wind gods were with me and the landing was OK – not my best greaser but certainly quite acceptable. So we taxied in and shut down.

The AFR is really quite straightforward, particularly if you fly regularly as I do. I guess if you haven’t flown for a year, you’ll need to do a fair bit of swotting to make sure you have the answers and a few circuits to re-awaken your flying skills before the AFR!  There’s no pass or fail with an AFR – just useful reminders, even lessons, to keep you flying safe. Thanks to Nick Caudwell at Peninsula Aero Club for his advice and signing my logbook! Thoroughly recommended – 5 stars.

Australia’s 4th A32 arrives!

A32 #011 being prepared after shipping

A32 #011 being prepared after shipping

Response to the Aeroprakt A32 ‘Vixxen’ has been nothing short of phenomenal, since the first demonstrator arrived in July 2015. No less than 12 have been ordered through Foxbat Australia, including one to an Australian subsidiary company operating in South Africa. The surprising thing is that sales of the A22LS ‘Foxbat’ have remained unaffected.

The most recent A32 arrival – serial number 011 – is in ‘Pumpkin Orange’, a colour which is becoming more popular as an alternative to the more common yellow, white, red and blue. The lucky owner lives out Broken Hill way and after familiarisation training – courtesy of Rob Hatswell at Gawler (north of Adelaide) – he will be flying the A32 largely on farm duties.

The aircraft is due for some sprauncy decals in the next couple of days and will hopefully be signed off sometime next week for test flying. Although weather around Melbourne has been a bit tempestuous lately!

After the very first A32 arrived here in Mazda Spirited Green Metallic (have a look at the pre-delivery flight test video here: A32 check) it seems that A32  owners like their colours – the next two A32 deliveries, due later in May, are yellow and white, with a bright green one (but not metallic) due early in June.

 

Is your seat height right?

Seat heightHere’s a gadget for the pilot who has everything – almost. It’s a Seat Height Sight Level, designed to enable you to adjust your eyeline to the correct level before flying.

However, most LSA seats are generally not directly adjustable for height, so you’ll probably have to invest in a set of different thickness cushions, which can be used in combination to lift or lower your backside until your eyes have it right.

The gadget is placed on the top of the instrument panel before you start up; it has a a spirit level (to make sure it’s level) and a couple of brightly coloured ‘spheres’ so you can even see it clearly in dull weather. When the two ‘spheres’ line up – bingo! you’re at the right height. Don’t forget to put the sight level away before you start up and take-off or it might give you a nasty bump on the head (or elsewhere) if it falls off the dash when you start to taxi…

Available from Sporty’s pilot supplies for US$90 plus postage. Let me know if it works….

Foxbat Australia is now on Facebook!

Foxbat FacebookIt’s taken a while but we’ve finally set up a Foxbat Australia page on Facebook.

Some of the content on this blog will also appear on Facebook from time to time. Members of Facebook will also be able to post on the Foxbat Australia page – photos, comments, messages etc. The main aim is to make Foxbat Australia more current and enable owners (and those yet to own) an opportunity to connect with an ever-growing band of happy Foxbat flyers all over the world.

If you’re not already on Facebook, you’ll have to open an account of your own to be able to see all the Foxbat content. Otherwise, it’s very straightforward – please ‘like’ Foxbat Australia’s page and you’ll be notified every time there’s a new post.

Happy reading!

Are you ready for an engine failure?

Engine failureThe subject of this item is engine failures, but first up – sorry for the long delay since the last post. I have been moving home and this, together with internet connection issues conspired to keep me offline for a while.

Engine failures are thankfully very rare. Which makes it all the more important to plan and prepare for what you’ll do if you experience one. It’s not just a matter of keeping an eye open for a suitable paddock or field!

AOPA has released an excellent video covering the topic – ‘From Trouble to Touchdown‘ – which you can watch by clicking on the picture above. This is an excellent 10-minute summary of what is a complex subject, handling everything from pre-flight inspections to minimise the chance of a failure, through engine failures on take-off, to tips for making it safely on to the ground.

Here’s what I personally noted after watching the video:
– above all else, fly the plane!
– know your glide times and distances from different heights
– try restarts by checking fuel, air and ignition
– make sure the throttle is closed before landing to stop sudden unexpected power surges
– don’t try to ‘stretch’ the glide or you’ll probably stall
– try to put something soft between you and the instrument panel before landing
– don’t change fuel tanks after the engine run up, and
– last but not least, prepare for the ‘impossible turn’ back to the runway: know your minimum heights at different take-off weights and density altitudes

As a guide, when considering a turn back in the A22LS Foxbat or A32 Vixxen, never try it below 500 feet above ground level – more if the temperature and density altitude are high. If you’re light and cool, you might just make it below that altitude but it’s a much better bet to land ahead 30 degrees either side of the centre line if you’re below 500 feet when the engine stops.

To conclude; I have only experienced one engine failure in my flying life and that was many years ago in my very first (kit-built) long-wing Foxbat at a regional Queensland airfield. The engine stopped after take-off at about 400 feet above the ground. I had a passenger with me, who was videoing his flight. I remember the engine winding down and the prop stopping with one vertical blade clearly visible in front of me; the engine had seized. There wasn’t much to go for ahead of me, mainly trees and the outskirts of the local town, so I opted for a turn back. The original long-winged A22 has a prodigious glide capability, so as I began the turn I called an emergency on the airfield frequency. I kept the turn at about 30-40 degrees and 55 knots and the aircraft landed beautifully and rolled to a stop at almost exactly the same spot from which I’d just started my take-off. An oil line had separated from the cooler and the engine had neatly pumped all the oil into the reservoir, which was strange, because I’d flown about 90 minutes from my home base to get there earlier in the day. The engine had to be completely re-built and as far as I know, is still flying to this day.

So, be prepared! An engine failure probably won’t happen but have your plans clear in case it does.

Trapped on Top

Trapped on topIt’s a private nightmare of mine – getting stuck above cloud, with no holes to get down, even assuming the cloud doesn’t go right to the ground. I do not have an instrument flying rating, nor would I trust myself to fly in cloud using an artificial horizon and other instruments. I therefore avoid flying in any situations which could lead to me being ‘trapped on top’.

However, things don’t always go as you expect… Here’s a video dramatisation of an actual event, where the IFR-expired lone pilot of a Mooney aircraft set out on a benign, clear day and became stuck over cloud. Just to spice things up a bit, having diverted from his original destination to his first alternate, then another, he also runs out of fuel.

There are some good lessons here, so watch the video to the end – it’s engrossing.

Click on the video to view the YouTube original

Aeroprakt A22LS Pre-delivery flight check

A22LS Flight checkFollowing on from our recent A32 Vixxen flight check video, here’s another one – this time in a stick-controlled A22LS Foxbat.

As before, Mike Rudd accompanies me through a series of checks to ensure the aircraft performs as it should and is ready for its new owner.

Click the picture to view the video on YouTube. Watch at the highest resolution you can, to see the figures on the dials

Cessna 182 trip at 19,000 feet

19000 feetI’m not an IFR pilot and all my flying is done in daylight and good meteorological conditions. To be honest, instrument flying has never really appealed to me, so using an aircraft for regular travel has not featured in my flying. I rarely fly above 5,000 feet and then only to avoid thermals and other turbulence – commonly, I like to fly at 1,500-2,000 above the ground. My philosophy is to take a scheduled airline if I need to travel somewhere. That way, I can enjoy my VFR flying on good weather days.

However, a friend of mine is an IFR qualified pilot, with a Piper Saratoga. I have flown with him on a couple of occasions – notably a flight in the right hand seat from Mildura back to Melbourne, in IFR conditions, after a Foxbat delivery a couple of years ago (thank you, Ross!). We flew most of the way at about 8,500 feet and entered cloud for about half an hour approaching top of descent into Tyabb Airport. At first it was a bit scary with no horizon or sight of the ground (see my recent post: 178 Seconds, about VFR into IMC) but Ross was completely calm, following height and direction instructions from Melbourne Centre. I was given the job of looking at the wing my side to report any ice build up (there was none).

I was therefore interested in this video because it covers a type of flying well outside both my experience and capability. It records a 1,200 nautical mile trip across Canada in a 2001 turbocharged Cessna 182 ‘Skylane’ C-GERD, much of the flight on autopilot and at heights above 15,000 feet. The pilot, Gerd Wengler, is clearly very much at home and familiar with the aircraft. The cockpit is calm and most of the major activities and radio calls are captioned for our education.

Although it’s almost a quarter of an hour long, the time passes quickly. I’d recommend setting the YouTube resolution as high as possible and watching full screen – it’s absorbing! Were it not for the time commitment, I might even be interested in a few IFR lessons myself….or maybe I should start with night VFR….

178 seconds

VFR into IMC178 Seconds to Live‘ is the title of several videos and written articles about flying from visual flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). So it goes: if you’re a VFR (or lapsed IFR) pilot, the chances are very high that you’ll be dead through disorientation within 3 minutes of entering cloud/mist/drizzle/snow etc – particularly if it happens suddenly and unexpectedly.

Spatial disorientation in an aeroplane is a scary thing and I was shown at a very early stage of my flying life that I should never fly by the seat of my pants – something most pilots will instinctively try to do if they lose all their external visual clues, like sight of the ground and the horizon.

My very first flying instructor (all those years ago) was one Mr. Beadle. As his name suggests, Mr. Beadle was not to be taken lightly and he did not suffer fools gladly. Early in our flight training, my fellow cadets and I were briefed that this was to be a day of experiencing ‘unusual flying attitudes’. I duly waited my turn and took off with Mr. Beadle and climbed to a hitherto unexperienced 5,000 feet. Even though I’d done my first solo, this was the first time we’d flown so high and I was about to find out why.

“Cover your eyes and take your hands and feet off the controls”, instructed Mr. B. Dutifully I did so. He told me he was going to fly the aircraft through a series of ‘unusual manoeuvres’ and, when instructed, I had to tell him quickly the aircraft’s attitude – without uncovering my eyes. Here goes. I felt the aircraft start to climb and bank to the left – “Correct” he says, nose high and turning to port (this was a Royal Navy instructor). Next, wings banked right and nose going down. Once again, “Correct” he says. I was getting the hang of this ‘unusual attitudes’ stuff, I thought. Third one; a bit more difficult this time. It felt like the aircraft had decelerated gently, then banked to the right. “Wrong!” says Mr B. “Open your eyes”. I’ll never forget what I saw: the aircraft was almost upside down – quite a feat in a Piper Colt – with the ground rotating increasingly quickly through the top left side of the windshield. In effect we were in a very steep spiral dive to the left.

Although we did quite a few more ‘manoeuvres’, some of which I got right and quite a few wrong, I remember that first one vividly, even to this day. “In an aeroplane” said Mr. Beadle after we landed, “never, ever believe your bum. Believe the instruments”. He cracked a rare smile and left me entering the day’s lesson in my logbook.

Nowadays, I’m lucky enough to fly quite a lot, what with selling aeroplanes and all that. But as a strictly VFR pilot, one thing I really do avoid is flying when I can’t see the ground or a clear horizon – and certainly not if I’m likely to be missing both at the same time. Nevertheless, I’ve had some interesting (and worrying) conversations with recreational and light sport pilots about flying in marginal visual conditions. For example, a common reason given for installing an autopilot in a light sport aircraft is that such a device will ‘get a VFR pilot down through the cloud’ if s/he should end up above it with no holes through which to descend.

Personally, I have a theory that if you think like this, you’re more likely to behave as though the autopilot is a safety net. As a result, you’re more likely to take weather chances than if you have no ‘safety net’ autopilot. If you have no autopilot, I’m pretty sure you won’t be thinking about coming down through cloud, so you’ll check and watch the weather very carefully and stay on the ground if there’s any doubt about visibility.

And there are a couple of other flaws in the ‘get you down through cloud’ autopilot theory. First – how do you know the cloud doesn’t go right down to the ground? And second, LSA autopilots are uncertified pieces of electronic equipment – how many times does your computer/’smart’ phone/tablet freeze or go wrong? Are the electronics in the A/P really completely bulletproof….with all that engine vibration and buffeting turbulence?

As they are so light, LSA planes are not the ideal platform for autopilots but I can understand how they reduce fatigue when flying longer distances in clear air – so I have no problem there. But don’t have one if you ave any thoughts at all about using it to descend through cloud, unless you are a properly qualified and current IFR pilot.

Here are some key lessons for VFR pilots:
– get some basic instrument flying training, you never know when it might help save your life
– golden rule 1: do not fly into cloud!
– if you do enter cloud unexpectedly, golden rule 2: do not panic!
– keep straight & level as best you can
– as soon as possible, start a gentle 180 degree turn (less than 30 degrees of bank) to the left – that way, if there’s any ground to see, it will be on your side
– watch your artificial horizon and believe it
– watch your turn & bank indicator and believe it
– without an AH or T&B it’s difficult, but pull back the power slightly and watch your compass, VSI and ASI
– keep the compass turning slowly or stop it by decreasing the turn with opposite control
– when the compass is stable, keep the VSI neutral with elevator
– when straight & level, control speed with throttle
– believe the instruments not your body!
– with luck, you’ll exit the cloud as quickly as you entered it
– if not, you’ve probably used up a fair slice of your 178 seconds.

You have been warned.

Here’s another link to a video, made by an experienced VFR pilot who flew into IMC: Flying VFR into IMC – a top killer of pilots – my close call